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{
"url": "https://treescape.app/api/genera/mitragyna/?format=api",
"slug": "mitragyna",
"latin_name": "Mitragyna",
"description": "Mitragyna speciosa (commonly known as kratom, a herbal leaf from a tree of the Rubiaceae family) is a tropical evergreen tree in the coffee family native to Southeast Asia. It is indigenous to Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Papua New Guinea, where it has been used in herbal medicine since at least the 19th century. It has also historically been consumed via chewing, smoking, and as a tea. Kratom has opioid-like properties and some stimulant-like effects.\nAs of 2018, the efficacy and safety of kratom are unclear. Although it was a federally legal dietary supplement, it was not approved as a therapeutic agent in the United States due to the poor quality of the research. In 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated that there is no evidence that kratom is safe or effective for treating any condition. Some people take it for managing chronic pain, for treating opioid withdrawal symptoms, or for recreational purposes. The onset of effects typically begins within five to ten minutes and lasts for two to five hours.\nAnecdotal reports describe increased alertness, physical energy, talkativeness, sociability, sedation, changes in mood, and pain relief following kratom use at various doses. Common side effects include appetite loss, erectile dysfunction, nausea and constipation. More severe side effects may include respiratory depression (decreased breathing), seizure, psychosis, elevated heart rate and blood pressure, trouble sleeping, and, rarely, liver toxicity. Addiction is a possible risk with regular use because, when use is stopped, withdrawal symptoms may occur. A number of deaths have been attributed to the use of kratom, both by itself and mixed with other substances. Serious toxicity is relatively rare and generally appears at high doses or when kratom is used with other substances.\nIn 2014, the FDA banned the import of kratom into the U.S. due to lack of evidence for its safety. As of 2021 kratom is illegal in six states: Alabama, Arkansas, Indiana, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin, and it may be outlawed by local ordinance in other states.\nAs of 2018, kratom is a controlled substance in 16 countries. \nAs of 2018, there is growing international concern about a possible threat to public health from kratom use, while others have argued that it could be a tool to help the opioid crisis. In 2021, the World Health Organization's Executive Committee on Drug Dependency investigated the risks of kratom and declined to recommend a ban following a scientific review. The committee, however, recommended kratom be kept \"under surveillance.\" In some jurisdictions, its sale and importation have been restricted, and several public health authorities have raised alerts.",
"gbif_id": 2900452,
"image_thumbnail": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/thumbnails/mitragyna_thumbnail_cTXsa8b.jpg",
"image_large": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/large/mitragyna_thumbnail_L9F0exC.jpg"
}
