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{
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"next": "https://treescape.app/api/genera/?format=api&page=62",
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{
"url": "https://treescape.app/api/genera/mitragyna/?format=api",
"slug": "mitragyna",
"latin_name": "Mitragyna",
"description": "Mitragyna speciosa (commonly known as kratom, a herbal leaf from a tree of the Rubiaceae family) is a tropical evergreen tree in the coffee family native to Southeast Asia. It is indigenous to Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Papua New Guinea, where it has been used in herbal medicine since at least the 19th century. It has also historically been consumed via chewing, smoking, and as a tea. Kratom has opioid-like properties and some stimulant-like effects.\nAs of 2018, the efficacy and safety of kratom are unclear. Although it was a federally legal dietary supplement, it was not approved as a therapeutic agent in the United States due to the poor quality of the research. In 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated that there is no evidence that kratom is safe or effective for treating any condition. Some people take it for managing chronic pain, for treating opioid withdrawal symptoms, or for recreational purposes. The onset of effects typically begins within five to ten minutes and lasts for two to five hours.\nAnecdotal reports describe increased alertness, physical energy, talkativeness, sociability, sedation, changes in mood, and pain relief following kratom use at various doses. Common side effects include appetite loss, erectile dysfunction, nausea and constipation. More severe side effects may include respiratory depression (decreased breathing), seizure, psychosis, elevated heart rate and blood pressure, trouble sleeping, and, rarely, liver toxicity. Addiction is a possible risk with regular use because, when use is stopped, withdrawal symptoms may occur. A number of deaths have been attributed to the use of kratom, both by itself and mixed with other substances. Serious toxicity is relatively rare and generally appears at high doses or when kratom is used with other substances.\nIn 2014, the FDA banned the import of kratom into the U.S. due to lack of evidence for its safety. As of 2021 kratom is illegal in six states: Alabama, Arkansas, Indiana, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin, and it may be outlawed by local ordinance in other states.\nAs of 2018, kratom is a controlled substance in 16 countries. \nAs of 2018, there is growing international concern about a possible threat to public health from kratom use, while others have argued that it could be a tool to help the opioid crisis. In 2021, the World Health Organization's Executive Committee on Drug Dependency investigated the risks of kratom and declined to recommend a ban following a scientific review. The committee, however, recommended kratom be kept \"under surveillance.\" In some jurisdictions, its sale and importation have been restricted, and several public health authorities have raised alerts.",
"gbif_id": 2900452,
"image_thumbnail": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/thumbnails/mitragyna_thumbnail_cTXsa8b.jpg",
"image_large": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/large/mitragyna_thumbnail_L9F0exC.jpg"
},
{
"url": "https://treescape.app/api/genera/monarda/?format=api",
"slug": "monarda",
"latin_name": "Monarda",
"description": "",
"gbif_id": 2926838,
"image_thumbnail": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/thumbnails/monarda_thumbnail_lVBOKSz.jpg",
"image_large": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/large/monarda_thumbnail_g9ufsIy.jpg"
},
{
"url": "https://treescape.app/api/genera/monodora/?format=api",
"slug": "monodora",
"latin_name": "Monodora",
"description": "Monodora is a genus of plant in family Annonaceae. It contains approximately 15 species, distributed throughout tropical Africa.",
"gbif_id": 3154068,
"image_thumbnail": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/thumbnails/monodora_thumbnail_iiHNk2y.jpg",
"image_large": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/large/monodora_thumbnail_iPtpKkH.jpg"
},
{
"url": "https://treescape.app/api/genera/monotropa/?format=api",
"slug": "monotropa",
"latin_name": "Monotropa",
"description": "Monotropa uniflora, also known as ghost plant, ghost pipe, or Indian pipe, is an herbaceous perennial flowering plant native to temperate regions of Asia, North America, and northern South America, but with large gaps between areas. The plant is waxy white, but some specimens have been described as having black flecks or pale pink coloration. Rare variants may have a deep red color. The name \"Monotropa\" is Greek for \"one turn\" and \"uniflora\" is Latin for \"one flowered\" as there is one sharply curved stem for each single flower. M.uniflora is commonly found growing in clumps of 2 or more, with its fungal source nearby.",
"gbif_id": 2888339,
"image_thumbnail": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/thumbnails/monotropa_thumbnail_tgSui2k.jpg",
"image_large": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/large/monotropa_thumbnail_iwV9X8Q.jpg"
},
{
"url": "https://treescape.app/api/genera/morelia/?format=api",
"slug": "morelia",
"latin_name": "Morelia",
"description": "Morelia (Spanish pronunciation: [moˈɾelja]; from 1545 to 1828 known as Valladolid, Otomi: Mänxuni) is a city and municipal seat of the municipality of Morelia in the north-central part of the state of Michoacán in central Mexico. The city is in the Guayangareo Valley and is the capital and largest city of the state. The main pre-Hispanic cultures here were the Purépecha and the Matlatzinca, but no major cities were founded in the valley during this time. The Spanish took control of the area in the 1520s. The Spanish under Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza founded a settlement here in 1541 with the name of Valladolid, which became rival to the nearby city of Pátzcuaro for dominance in Michoacán. In 1580, this rivalry ended in Valladolid's favor, and it became the capital of the viceregal province. After the Mexican War of Independence, the city was renamed Morelia in honor of José María Morelos, who hailed from the city. In 1991, the city was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its well-preserved historical buildings and layout of the historic center. It is tradition to name people born on September 30 after the city.\nThe city population in 2020 was 743,275 inhabitants. The municipality had 849,053 inhabitants, and the Metropolitan Area, composed of Morelia, Tarímbaro, and Charo municipalities, had 988,704 inhabitants, according to the XIV Census.",
"gbif_id": 2916592,
"image_thumbnail": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/thumbnails/morelia_thumbnail_Ac7LvGy.jpg",
"image_large": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/large/morelia_thumbnail_MipiKg3.jpg"
},
{
"url": "https://treescape.app/api/genera/morinda/?format=api",
"slug": "morinda",
"latin_name": "Morinda",
"description": "Morinda is a genus of flowering plants in the madder family, Rubiaceae. The generic name is derived from the Latin words morus \"mulberry\", from the appearance of the fruits, and indica, meaning \"of India\".",
"gbif_id": 2915429,
"image_thumbnail": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/thumbnails/morinda_thumbnail_GoJyedY.jpg",
"image_large": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/large/morinda_thumbnail_lrNjjiE.jpg"
},
{
"url": "https://treescape.app/api/genera/moringa/?format=api",
"slug": "moringa",
"latin_name": "Moringa",
"description": "",
"gbif_id": 3054180,
"image_thumbnail": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/thumbnails/moringa_thumbnail_HlnY8Kv.jpg",
"image_large": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/large/moringa_thumbnail_45YAg1g.jpg"
},
{
"url": "https://treescape.app/api/genera/morus/?format=api",
"slug": "morus",
"latin_name": "Morus",
"description": "",
"gbif_id": 2984545,
"image_thumbnail": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/thumbnails/morus_thumbnail_QT0m6hi.jpg",
"image_large": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/large/morus_thumbnail_iHsnFhd.jpg"
},
{
"url": "https://treescape.app/api/genera/mucuna/?format=api",
"slug": "mucuna",
"latin_name": "Mucuna",
"description": "Mucuna is a genus of around 114 accepted species of climbing lianas (vines) and shrubs of the family Fabaceae: tribe Phaseoleae, typically found in tropical and subtropical forests in the Americas, sub-Saharan Africa, southern, southeastern, and eastern Asia, New Guinea, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.\nThe leaves are trifoliolate, alternate, or spiraled, and the flowers are pea-like but larger, with distinctive curved petals, and occurring in racemes. Like other legumes, Mucuna plants bear pods. They are generally bat-pollinated and produce seeds that are buoyant sea-beans. These have a characteristic three-layered appearance, appearing like the eyes of a large mammal in some species and like a hamburger in others (most notably M. sloanei) and giving rise to common names like deer-eye beans, donkey-eye beans, ox-eye beans, or hamburger seed.\nThe name of the genus is derived from mucunã, a Tupi–Guarani word for these species.",
"gbif_id": 2951351,
"image_thumbnail": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/thumbnails/mucuna_thumbnail_9p1gMGQ.jpg",
"image_large": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/large/mucuna_thumbnail_LV84p7m.jpg"
},
{
"url": "https://treescape.app/api/genera/musa/?format=api",
"slug": "musa",
"latin_name": "Musa",
"description": "In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the Muses (Ancient Greek: Μοῦσαι, romanized: Moûsai, Greek: Μούσες, romanized: Múses) are the inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts. They were considered the source of the knowledge embodied in the poetry, lyric songs, and myths that were related orally for centuries in ancient Greek culture.\nThe number and names of the Muses differed by region, but from the Classical period the number of Muses was standardized to nine, and their names were generally given as Calliope, Clio, Polyhymnia, Euterpe, Terpsichore, Erato, Melpomene, Thalia, and Urania.\nIn modern figurative usage, a muse is a person who serves as someone's source of artistic inspiration.",
"gbif_id": 2760990,
"image_thumbnail": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/thumbnails/musa_thumbnail_mwF1qGP.jpg",
"image_large": "https://treescape.app/media/plant_species/images/large/musa_thumbnail_6t4vm7I.jpg"
}
]
}
